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What is the most important information I should know about zaleplon? Serious injury or death could occur if you walk or drive while you are not fully awake. What is zaleplon? Zaleplon may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking zaleplon? Zaleplon is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old.
How should I take zaleplon? What happens if I miss a dose? Do not take two doses at one time. What happens if I overdose? What should I avoid while taking zaleplon? Do not drink alcohol. Dangerous side effects or death could occur. What are the possible side effects of zaleplon? What other drugs will affect zaleplon? Where can I get more information?
The psychomotor performance tests included a vigilance and tracking dual task, choice reaction time CRT and critical flicker fusion CFF frequency detections.
The vigilance and tracking dual task were performed on a computer and measured the correct rate of four digit addition and the correct rate of controlling the simulated flying state of an airplane and the combination of these tasks [ 11 ]. The CRT test was conducted to assess the recognition reaction time when red, green or yellow lights were randomly presented [ 12 ].
The individual CFF frequency was determined using the mean of two ascending and two descending presentations [ 12 ]. The computerized vestibular function examination apparatus was used to evaluate the vestibular function.
The gain in the nystagmus response during stimulation for three cycles was calculated by a computer. For measuring the sleep-inducing effects, using the double-dummy technique, a single dose of 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon Sibao Pharmaceutical Company, Wuhan, China or placebo were randomly used in a double-blind crossover design.
Between the drug administrations, there was a wash-out period of 7 days. A randomized, double-blind repeated-measures protocol was designed to assess the effect of zaleplon at two doses and placebo on psychomotor performance. To maintain the double-blind nature of this work, all medications were prepared in identical capsule format.
The volunteers were medically examined and instructed to abstain from the use of hypnotics or psychoactive drugs tranquilizers for 1 wk before any experimental session, and from alcohol, over-the-counter medications and caffeinated beverages within 12 h of each experimental session. As they were exposed to the simulated noise environment Hz, approximately 95 dB , eight volunteers took 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon and placebo alternately at pm. PSG for 4 h after taking pills was recorded. After awakening, their subjective judgments of sleep quality and sleepiness were assessed.
Eight volunteers were trained to participate in the psychomotor performance tests. On the days of the tests, each subject performed a baseline test session at am. The subjects were tested for psychomotor performance once at pm, pm, pm, pm, pm and pm, for six times in total after taking 10 mg or 15 mg zaleplon and placebo alternately at pm. Another six volunteers participated in the vestibular function evaluation with the same experimental design and procedure.
The experimental data of psychomotor performance and the vestibular function evaluations were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance with two factors drug and time. The results are presented in Table 1. Maximum time in bed was min. However, there were no obvious differences of subjective sleepiness among the three groups after awakening. The subjective evaluations were carried out after awakening.
Every time subjects in the three groups gazed at the fixed light, vestibular nystagmus was completely inhibited. The nystagmogram showed a nearly single line, which indicates that fixation suppression was complete. Effects of zaleplon on optokinetic nystagmus OKN gain.
Compared with the placebo group and the zaleplon 10 mg group, zaleplon at a dose of 15 mg caused significant drowsiness up to 2 h postdose during the psychomotor performance and vestibular test sessions. No other adverse effects were observed or reported after taking 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon.
Zaleplon is commonly administered at 10 mg oral doses, although some experiments showed that this dosage had no significant sleep-inducing effects. Drake et al. Simons et al. The results of this study showed that zaleplon 15 mg provided significantly superior sleep compared with zaleplon 10 mg or the placebo under noise interference.
The methods of evaluating the effects of drugs on central functions mainly include cognitive performance, CRT, CFF, some subjective psychological scales and others [ 15 , 16 ]. Paul et al. The results showed that melatonin was superior to zaleplon in causing no effect on performance.
The remaining drugs listed in increasing order of performance effect duration were zaleplon 2. Verster et al. The results showed that zaleplon 10 and 20 mg was a safe hypnotic devoid of next-morning residual impairment when used in the middle of the night. However, a higher number of adverse events were observed with the 40 and 60 mg doses of zaleplon compared with triazolam 0.
Therefore, the present results are in accordance with the results of previous studies [ 17 — 19 ], although some differences exist due to the variances of participants and experimental conditions.
Vestibular function is very important for spatial orientation and anti-air sickness of aircrew and some other special military personnel. In general, the vestibular optokinetic reflex of human beings is easily regulated by the cerebral cortex; OKN is mainly influenced by the cerebral cortex and brain stem; VOR-Fix suppression is influenced by the cerebellum; and the vestibular nuclei, cerebellum and reticular structure in the brain stem play important roles in the regulation of the visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex.
A variety of drugs, especially barbiturates, antihistamines, anticonvulsants and alcohol, could induce functional excitation or inhibition of the central nervous system and influence vestibular function [ 13 ].
These results are in accordance with the experimental observation of its effects on psychomotor performance, which could be explained by its minor central inhibitive effects and very short half-life [ 23 ]. In addition, some related literature reported that zaleplon did not influence performance under altitude environment and did not influence driving ability [ 24 — 26 ]. Based on the hypnotic efficiency and the adverse effects on central function, zaleplon is an ideal hypnotic for aircrew and some other military personnel.
Modern military operations might require pharmacological methods to sustain alertness and facilitate sleep to maintain operational readiness.
In operations with very limited sleep windows, hypnotics with a very short half-life might be used. Based on the hypnotic efficiency and the adverse effects on central function, zaleplon is an ideal hypnotic for aircrew and some other military personnel, and the optimal single dosage for sleep induction could be increased from the routine 10 mg to 15 mg.
The authors extend our thanks to Dr. Jia HB and Dr. With just 30 days at a rehab center, you can get clean and sober, start therapy, join a support group, and learn ways to manage your cravings. A non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic prescribed to treat insomnia, Sonata is a brand name for Zaleplon.
Sonata activates the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid GABA , slowing mental processes, blocking feelings of anxiety and stress, and producing Sedative effects to help patients enjoy healthy, restful sleep.
Users take Sonata orally as a capsule or tablet. Slang terms for Sonata include Downers, Tranks, and Sleepeasy. Sonata is one of the fastest-acting Sleeping Pills available, with a terminal half-life of an hour. As such, Sonata is a prime target for accidental and recreational abuse; people might overuse the drug as an immediate sleep aid. Sonata is not considered as habit-forming as some sleep medicines, such as Ambien and Lunesta. It is, however, more likely to cause withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop using it after approximately 2 weeks of daily use.
This is known as parasomnia. Forcing oneself awake after ingesting Sonata significantly raises the risk of unconscious behavior. Side effects of Sonata abuse might include:.
Sonata is not as potent as some of its Z-Drug counterparts, but the danger of abuse persists. Overdosing on Sonata alone is relatively uncommon, but co-abusing the prescription drug alongside other CNS Depressants like alcohol — which happens frequently — can depress respiratory function to the point of failure and death.
Signs of a Sonata addiction can be hard for friends and family to spot. It can be difficult to tell the difference between addiction and prescriptive use of the drug.
However, changes in behavior such as doctor shopping — acquiring multiple prescriptions for the drug — and using Sonata for any unprescribed purpose should be considered troubling.
With long enough use, users eventually may not be able to fall asleep without taking Sonata. Learn the criteria professionals use to diagnose addiction now. Make a Call Sonata packs less of a punch than Ambien or Lunesta regarding addictive potential; over a long enough period of use, however, an addiction can develop.
Once the mind and body become dependent on Sonata, excruciating withdrawal symptoms can follow quitting use. The variety and duration of withdrawal symptoms that Sonata users will experience are determined by a number of factors. Some of these include:. Abruptly stopping Sonata use can induce convulsions, hallucinations, and even seizures. Treatment programs for Sonata addiction are usually provided in residential and outpatient models, and the level of care depends on several factors; these include the amount of support at home, the type and manner of drugs abused, any underlying medical or mental health concerns, and the severity of the drug dependence.
Before admission to any rehab program, a substance abuse assessment must be completed by an addiction professional to determine if the program is appropriate for the potential patient. Learn More. Inpatient rehab offers hour supervised care at a live-in facility.
Both psychiatric and physical health assistance are included in inpatient rehab. On average, clients will remain in inpatient rehab between 30 and 90 days. The goal of inpatient rehab is to return clients to a more independent lifestyle that does not involve the use of Sonata to cope with difficult emotions or life stressors. It provides education about the disease of addiction while teaching healthy coping skills for relapse prevention, trauma, anxiety, depression, and other struggles.
Unlike inpatient treatment, outpatient rehab does not require patients to stay at a treatment facility or have supervised medical care to address medical conditions. Outpatient rehab can be very useful for individuals who must continue to work or attend school or for adults with children who are unable to attend treatment for months at a time.
Typically, an outpatient program will require meeting at least a couple of times per week for a few hours each session. Outpatient treatment often involves group therapy, individual therapy, family therapy, and specialized therapy types, such as art or music therapy.
Outpatient therapy can also be used as an aftercare or step-down program upon completion of inpatient rehab to assist the client in transitioning back into their daily life while maintaining their recovery.
Sometimes, patients attend outpatient programs while staying in a sober living home a residence in which drugs and alcohol are prohibited.
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